Last Update 5/24/2015
RT / Quad; License, Regulations & Insurance Page:
Here's a number of replies that people have made about getting an RT licensed in their State and getting their trike insured. Most of this should apply to Quads as well and was provided back in 2011. Please send in anything you have to add about your experiences in your State to - david@angloisrael.com
Q: Can a Kawasaki Bayou ATV front be grafted/bolted to the front of my 2004 Harley SuperGlide? What is the optimum width? I tried to measure the Can-AM BRP Spyder, but can not find a picture without the plastic. Daniel D.
A:
Even if you put some kind of ATV suspension on your bike, it won't do you much good because you won't be able to get it licensed with ATV parts on it, and it's not insurable that way either.
This has been discussed in great detail on all the RT discussion groups.
NO ATV or off-road parts can be used on on-road vehicles. When you go the
get it licensed you'll have to show a detailed list of where every part came
from. If you make the part you'll have to show all the receipts for the
steel, any machine work, etc. It may have to pass a special engineering
inspection as a homebuilt vehicle in some States in the USA, and the same thing
in many other Countries.
Now, that being said, if you want to build a suspension from scratch you might be able to license that, but each State is different on what they'll allow to pass
inspection being that it's homebuilt. There's a couple of tilting front suspensions that I'm aware of
that bolt to Harleys, and I think they're both on the market as of
2013.
See the TMW tilting Reverse Trike conversion by Tilting Motor Works, Inc. in
Marysville, Washington - tmw.html
or the TRT by Tilting Reverse Trike in Charleston,
SC - trt.html
There are some kits that you could use to convert a motorcycle to a reverse trike. There are a few on different pages, but the IndyCycle, SportCycle, and Xzilarator are the better known conversions - indycycle.html, sportcycle.html, xzilarator.html
This is the other way to effect a conversion short of buying a kit that uses just the motorcycle engine and maybe the wiring harness, etc.
I put Wisconsin first because John made a good logical write-up on licensing in general...
Wisconsin:
Each state has a Motor Vehicle Code. And, among everything else having to
do with operating a motor vehicle, the Code contains a definition for what any particular vehicle is. Also, the Code determines what type of
registration a particular type of vehicle has to have. And, the Code also
tells you how to license that vehicle after it is registered. You might say
that 'registration' just labels the vehicle as to which category it falls into,
'titling' just determines who owns that particular type of vehicle and then
'licensing' is where you get the metal tag that shows that you have paid the fees required to operate the vehicle on the road.
The key part of this, relative to this discussion, is where the Motor Vehicle Code determines the definition for what a vehicle is. It does
define, in great detail, exactly what an 'automobile' is, or whatever word your state chooses to use for the description of one. It also defines a
'motorcycle', a 'moped', a 'motor driven cycle', a 'light duty truck', a 'heavy duty
truck' or whatever classes of vehicles your state has.
Now, here comes the difficult part. In Wisconsin, the Motor Vehicle Code
defines an automobile as a vehicle with four or more wheels. There are other
conditions also, but the big one is the number of wheels. It defines a motorcycle as a vehicle with two wheels and an engine organized as "wheel
- engine - wheel along the axis of the vehicle", plus some other considerations. However, it is the number of wheels and their relationship
to the engine that is the key.
Wisconsin has a special third category of vehicles with an entirely different name for "vehicles with three or more
wheels". So, a vehicle with three wheels is not an automobile here and it
is not a motorcycle either. It falls into that third category. Each of
these three categories has its own full definition and they are all different. So, that means that if a person starts with an automobile, a
vehicle with four wheels, and he removes one wheel, he now has a vehicle with three wheels and his original vehicle is no longer an automobile, even
if it still looks like one. It has become whatever that states chooses to
call a vehicle with three or more wheels. See the difference?
My feeling is also that our 50 states probably have Motor Vehicle Codes that are more similar than they are dissimilar. Otherwise we would have total
chaos if we were to drive from one state to another. This makes me think that most states have Codes that are pretty similar to
Wisconsin also. There may be some small differences in the definitions, such as gross weight and
engine size and such, but, generally, my guess is that they are pretty much the same.
So, getting back to the present discussion again, if you take a vehicle that is titled as a car, and you change it so it now fits the definition of that
third category, the one with three wheeled vehicles in it, then your state more than likely will require that you have it
re-titled and reregistered. That may mean re-inspected also so that the state can verify that it fits the
full definition of that new category. That is what the situation is here in
my state.
It doesn't matter if I start with an automobile and remove one
wheel, or if I start from scratch and create a three wheeled thing. In
Wisconsin, if it has three wheels, and weights less than 1500 pounds, and has a recognizable shape, and so on, it must be registered in that third class,
titled as a vehicle in that third class, and registered according to the requirements for that third classification of vehicle. And, before it can
be titled and licenses, it has to be inspected. (Here in Wisconsin, the DMV
has chosen to confuse things a little bit by calling that third class of vehicles "Type 2 Motorcycle". Don't let the words confuse you, it is still
a three wheeled vehicle that weights less than 1500 pounds, etc.)
So, try not to fall into the trap of making assumptions or talking in generalizations about registration, titling and licensing. There is only
one way to know for sure what is what and that is to sit down and read the Motor Vehicle Code for your state.
Luckily, it isn't hard to find. Every public library in every state is required to have a copy, so just ask the
librarian to get it for you. Many states have it online, and you can either
go to the DMV web site and read it or download it and read it at home. It
usually is HUGE, so be sure to dig through it and find the parts that have the definitions in it, and then the parts that state what actions are
required for registration, titling and licensing. Some states even have a
DMV email address where the DMV will answer questions that are submitted. It sometimes takes a while, but you will get an authoritative answer.
Finally, my word of caution is this: just because you are presently driving vehicle on the road that is improperly titled, licensed or registered, does
not exempt you from the penalties for improper titling, licensing or registration. Your state puts the onus on you to have it done properly.
And, by the way, your insurance company also assumes that it is done properly to the extent that most of them will void all of your coverage if
it is discovered that you have improperly titled or registered your vehicle.
No kidding. You don't want to find that out after you have a problem. I
know, I know, we all know of someone who drove his vehicle for 100 years and was never stopped or bothered. Most of our Motor Vehicle Codes are so
complex that it is hard to expect that the local cop on the beat will even
be aware of all of the fine details of every possible detail in the code.
So, he may go no farther than to see that there is a license plate on a vehicle and let it go at that. Remember, it is not the states responsibility to catch you if you are wrong, it is your responsibility not to be wrong. Your official source for accurate and reliable information is either your State Highway Patrol inspection officer or your Department of Motor Vehicles. John W.
Arizona: 3 wheeler is same as standard motorcycle in all reference. Jack G.
California: 3 wheels or less on the ground; AND, less than 1500lbs. Tony B.
I licensed a Grinnall Scorpion in California.
Here is the proper procedure:
Obtain a certificate of origin from the manufacturer. This is critical and required.
If the trike has already been licensed in another state or is a production vehicle, you should be able to take
existing paperwork to the DMV without all the inspection steps. If you were building a totally home constructed
vehicle I'm not sure how the procedure would vary as you would not have a certificate of origin for the
chassis.
Obtain all relevant receipts for engine, transmission and any other donor components. Go to the DMV and they will have you pay fees. Don’t bring the trike. Bring along some black and white pics showing three wheels on the vehicle. You will use the term “Specially Constructed Motorcycle” whenever you answer questions or describe your vehicle to the clerk. Using the term 'car' will result in problems – I accidentally said car once and the DMV clerk looked up and asked me if I had said the word 'car'.
They will charge you sales tax on the total value of components, charge you for the license fee and give you a temp certificate to drive the “Specially Constructed Motorcycle”.
You will not be given a license plate at this time. Ask for a 4 month certificate.
It could take you that long to obtain the inspections you need, especially the CHP one.
If the clerk wants to send you out for a smog inspection, you need to remind them this is a motorcycle and exempt from inspection.
After you get the temp certificate you will want to obtain insurance and get an appointment at a California Highway Patrol office that does DMV inspections.
This can take a few days or 4-5 months depending on how busy the CHP office is.
You will be required to go to one in your county of residence. Mine in Riverside was backed up 4 months but another one in Temecula (same county) was only backed up a month.
Before the CHP inspection you will go to your local motorcycle shop and have them do the brake and light inspection.
Bring along with you a form 256 -
(http://www.dmv.ca.gov/forms/reg/reg256.pdf).
In the form under the item G. heading put that the mechanic has inspected the vehicle and has found it to have brakes and lights that are working correctly.
This form must be completed and signed off before you go to CHP inspection.
If the dealership has a rubber stamp to stamp the form with that is good too, but it must be signed by them, as well.
My BMW parts and service dealer was happy to do this for free and enjoyed seeing the car.
Don’t go to an automotive safety inspection station. They will attempt to disassemble your car and measure your rotors and enforce auto standards to your car.
Motorcycle disc rotors will not pass an auto standard (too thin) so you will be in trouble.
At the CHP inspection the officer will want to see the certificate of origin, receipts with serial numbers, etc.
He is mainly tasked with determining that you have not stolen any parts. He will want to verify any serial numbers on the chassis and engine and transmission to be sure they match the paperwork.
If the chassis has no visible ID plate then he may attach one to the chassis.
He is not involved in safety inspecting your vehicle, but it will need to be running or he may doubt the brake and light inspection you have in hand is valid.
Bring and wear your helmet so as to avoid any questions in this area. In any discussions with the officer use the term “Specially Constructed Motorcycle”.
The officer told me that under the California state law this vehicle did indeed fit the definition of a motorcycle, and that is the category he was going to put it in.
If you show up at the CHP inspection missing any forms or anything not in proper order, they will likely make you get another appointment and come back again.
That could result in a serious delay. Be sure you have proof of insurance with you just in case that question comes up.
After the CHP officer signs off on your paperwork you return to the DMV and present all the paperwork from the CHP and the brake/lighting inspection.
Since you will have already paid any fees, they will issue you a motorcycle plate and send you on your way.
Call you insurance broker to give them the plate number. I insured mine with
Grundy (no commuting allowed) and others have used AAA or other carriers. Keep in mind that a motorcycle
designation may allow you access to closer parking spaces and car pool lane access.
California Helmet Law information:
http://www.dmv.ca.gov/pubs/vctop/d12/vc27803.htm
Vehicle Code Section 27803.f, contains some wording that is used by many three-wheeler owners in California to prove they are exempt from wearing a helmet.
Most three wheeled vehicle owners carry a copy of this in their cars in case a question comes up.
I am not a lawyer and can’t say if this is totally correct or not but you can read the statute yourself and determine its applicability to your vehicle.
Section 27803(f): This section does not apply to a person operating, or riding as a passenger in, a fully enclosed three-wheeled motor vehicle that is not less than seven feet in length and not less than four feet in width, and has an unladen weight of 900 pounds or more, if the vehicle meets or exceeds all of the requirements of this code, the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards, and the rules and regulations adopted by the United States Department of Transportation and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.
Richard L.
Florida: In Fla, you just need ALL the receipts for your parts and the VIN's of the larger ones if from a used vehicle. The laws are mostly the same as the FED MC rules, basically just lights, horn, brakes and can go 40 mph without things falling off. Just a little more details for 4wheelers like wipers, windshield, etc. In Tampa, we just go to the DMV where they inspect them to do the paperwork. Once that's done, come back Friday for the inspection, take those papers to the tag office and get your tags, title sent in the mail. Jerry D.
Iowa: You need DOT to come and inspect it and they will re designate it as a M/C, Trike, Special Reconstruct. He stamps the frame, puts sticker on it, gives you a application for title and you take it to court house and get a title. Simple.
Michigan:
To get an assemblers title cost $10.00 - $17.50 extra for the assigned VIN and normal title charges.
The police safety officer's inspection is free. As long as you adhere to "motorcycles" standards ex. lights, horn, signals and helmet use if applicable, brakes etc. and three weeks before the process is complete you are ok.
The use of the cycle VIN is for proof of ownership of the cycle doner only.
The TM is not given the same VIN as the cycle in any State. They use the Baja Bug as an example for a vehicle not a cycle there is a big difference ex. 5 mph bumpers, seat belts, crash tests and so on, in California EPA pollution testing standards and some other states as well.
It's not a car in any of the fifty states whether you use the original
motorcycle frame or not, the only thing different between states is the use of "laminated"
safety glass on the windshield in Maryland and Virginia and you can get around that by wearing a DOT helmet with a DOT shield or eye protection when driving the TM (don't use hatchback glass it's not
laminated, it explodes in a million pieces instantly like a side window, a simple rock thrown up by the vehicle in front of you could ruin your whole day and blind you as a bonus if you don't wear eye protection. Getting safety glass cut to fit is done by most auto glass shops but, it's flat and can't be reshaped or curved across the pane only the cuts or
edges.)
In Michigan you assign your own Serial number because you are the manufacturer and it must be displayed in plain site from the outside when the trike is static.
There is no inspection in Michigan of the "new" vehicle, only questions ex. does it have stop lights, turn signals or access for hand signals? etc. of course the answer must be yes for all.
If you put two wheels on the back of a Goldwing (a conversion) there are no changes at the DMV other than description 3 wheels instead of 2.
The Tri-Magnum is a complete redesign and the cycle title remains the same so you keep it for your records and proof of ownership.
You can change or upgrade the motorcycle power unit just like a motor in a car.
But, you must keep the title for the new cycle for proof of ownership just like a bill of sale for the motor for a car, to prove it wasn't stolen.
So anyone who is thinking of buying a "Hot" bike cheap to use as a donor better think again.
A police officer can run a check on the VIN of the cycle frame and find out if it's stolen in about 3 to 5 minutes over the radio or in-car computer.
If you eliminate the frame they can check the engine number the same way. So, make sure you have a title, salvage certificate, salvage title or if you are using a motor and tube frame the bill of sale for the motor to keep from being charged for receiving stolen property that is universal in all 50 states.
Keep a photo copy in the vehicle a cop can verify it in the time stated above.
Stay ahead of the officer with all the proofs and your traffic stop will amount to questions like
- 'how long did it take to build?', 'does it handle good?', 'did you design it
yourself?', etc. Dan
Minnesota: Statute 168.011 Definitions are as follows:
(Subd. 26. Motorcycle. 'Motorcycle' means every motor vehicle having a seat or saddle for the use of the rider and designed to travel on not more than three wheels in contact with the ground, including motor scooters and bicycles with motor attached, other than those vehicles defined as motorized bicycles in subdivision 27, but excluding a tractor.) So a trike is a motorcycle, and subject to the same laws and licensing. Tim D.
(Subd. 4. Motorcycle. "Motorcycle" means every motor vehicle having a
seat or saddle for the use of the rider and designed to travel on not more than three wheels in contact with the ground, including motor scooters and
bicycles with motor attached, other than those vehicles defined as motorized
bicycles in subdivision 4a, but excluding a tractor.)
Vehicles that have been reconstructed, or specially assembled, are subject to a motor vehicle inspection.
Vehicle identification numbers must be left on all parts. If an identification number appears to have been tampered
with or has been removed, a title may not be issued.
If you are doing a reconstruction that would require the removal of a vehicle identification number (such as cutting the neckpiece on a motorcycle
for a custom rake), you must contact the Inspection Unit before beginning the reconstruction.
They will provide you with additional assistance.
Required Application Documents:
* Completed application to title and/or register a motor vehicle (form PS2000).
* Completed affidavit of reconstruction (form PS2015). Please be specific about the alterations or reconstruction done to the vehicle.
* Proof of ownership for all major parts used in the reconstruction. Please
note: If minimum proof of ownership for each cab, body, or frame of a car or truck; or for the frame or major components of a motorcycle cannot be
provided, the vehicle is subject to bonding. A statement of facts and an
affidavit of protection must accompany the application for title.
* If the vehicle was inspected prior to making application, an inspection report marked 'passed' and signed by the inspector who conducted the
inspection, must also be submitted, (you would need to submit these items along with the titling/registration
fees). Additional information or documents may be requested after application is reviewed by central office.
Jody/Operator #65 Public Information Center
New York: NY DMV has a technical assistance group for answering questions and providing applications for VIN numbers which I called this afternoon and was "pleasantly" surprised by the response. The person I spoke with said several times that they are not engineers or safety officers. The builder signs an affidavit that the vehicle meets all state and federal requirements; period. That said all equipment does need to meet road-worthiness standards, but as long as the components are commonly used in a vehicle they will generally be accepted without question (no atv / go-cart parts.)
There are no limits or requirements pertaining to weight or balance or dimensions. Full enclosure does earn a helmet waiver. The big surprise was his comment that the state DMV inspection is not related to safety or even really road worthiness. The state inspection is performed by police officers to determine rightful ownership of all of the parts used to build the vehicle. Beyond that the standard motorcycle equipment requirements for brakes, lights apply.
Sounds simple enough, I asked about some form of 'pre-approval' prior to submitting an application for a VIN on a completed project and he said to send him pictures, specs, etc, a couple months in advance for review. Dale W.
North Carolina: N.C. GS 20-4.01 (27)d
d. Motorcycles. – Vehicles having a saddle for the use of the rider and designed to travel on not more than three wheels in contact
with the ground, including motor scooters and motor-driven bicycles, but excluding tractors and utility vehicles equipped with
an additional form of device designed to transport property, three-wheeled vehicles while being used by law-enforcement
agencies and mopeds as defined in subdivision d1 of this subsection.
North Carolina Department of Transportation Division of Motor Vehicles - License and Theft Bureau
Version 1.12 - August 2006
- 63 - 19A NCAC 03D .0544 SAFETY INSPECTION OF MOTORCYCLES
1. Motorcycle brakes shall fail safety inspection if: (G.S. 20-124)
(a) When applying brakes to moving vehicle, there is insufficient force to stop the vehicle.
(b) Brakes are worn in such a manner that there is an uneven braking force.
(c) There is an audible or visual indication that the brake lining is worn to the extent it is no longer serviceable.
(d) There is less than one-third reserve in either foot brake or hand brake total possible travel when the brakes are fully applied.
(e) Reservoirs of braking cylinders are not full. [Within manufacturers specifications.]
(f) There is a visible leakage of fluid from any brake line or brake component.
(g) Hand brake/foot brake cables or linkages are frayed, broken, frozen or defective.
(h) Motorcycles are required to be equipped with one brake. (Hand brake or foot brake).
2. Motorcycle head lamps shall fail safety inspection if: (G.S. 20-129)
(a) Head lamp does not operate properly.
(b) There are more than two head lamps connected on a single switch.
(c) Head lamp is cracked or has holes that allow entry of water.
(d) There is standing water in the head lamp.
(e) Head lamp is out of proper aim.
(f) Motorcycle must have a minimum of one, maximum of two head lamps.
3. Motorcycle rear lamps shall fail safety inspection if: (G.S. 20-129)
(a) They do not operate.
(b) Light is a color other than red.
(c) Light is cracked, discolored or broken and allows entry of water.
(d) There is standing water in the lens.
(e) Lamp is not securely mounted.
(f) Wiring is broken or frayed.
4. A motorcycle stop lamp shall fail safety inspection if: (G.S. 20-129)
(a) Lamp does not operate when brakes are applied.
(b) Light is a color other than red or amber.
(c) Light is cracked, discolored or broken and allows entry of water.
(d) There is standing water in the lens.
(e) Lamp is not securely mounted.
(f) Wiring is broken or frayed.
5. A motorcycle license plate light shall fail safety inspection if:
(G.S. 20-129)
(a) Light does not operate.
(b) Light does not illuminate the license plate.
(c) Light is a color other than white.
6. A motorcycle horn shall fail safety inspection if: (G.S. 20-125)
(a) The horn does not operate.
(b) The sound emitted is not audible at 200 feet.
(c) The horn is not securely mounted.
(d) The button is mounted so that it cannot be easily operated by the driver.
7. Motorcycle tires shall fail safety inspection if: (G.S. 20-122.1)
(a) There is less than two thirty-seconds of an inch of tread at two or more locations around the circumference of the tire in two
adjacent major tread grooves, or if the tread wear indicators are in contact with the roadway at two or more locations
around the circumference of the tire.
(b) Cords are exposed at any location on the tire.
(c) Sidewall is cut, bulging, damaged or is severely cracked due to dry rotting.
8. Motorcycle rear view mirrors shall fail safety inspection if:
(G.S. 20-126)
(a) The mirrors are missing, broken, or cracked.
(b) The mirrors are not securely mounted.
(c) The mirrors will not hold a setting while vehicle is in operation.
9. A motorcycle exhaust system shall fail safety inspection if: (G.S. 20-128)
(a) The motorcycle has no muffler.
(b) The muffler, exhaust or tailpipe have holes, leaking joints, seams, or patches.
(c) The tailpipe end is pinched.
(d) The exhaust system is equipped with a muffler cut out or bypass.
(e) The muffler baffles have been removed or damaged to create a straight pipe.
10. A motorcycle steering mechanism shall fail safety inspection if:
(G.S. 20-123.1)
(a) Front shocks are sagging or broken.
(b) Front-end assembly is bent or there is damaged or twisted bolts.
(c) Front-end nuts, bolts, or rivets are loose or missing.
North Carolina Department of Transportation
Division of Motor Vehicles - License and Theft Bureau
Version 1.12 - August 2006
- 65 -
History Note: Authority G.S. 20-2; 20-39; 20-183.3;
Eff. October 1, 1994.
Nevada: Ape hangers can't be higher than the riders arm pits (there is a limit from the tank to the bars but they generally ignore it). It has to have mirrors, but they can be up, down or bar end. 50cc and below can be ridden without license, or registration (the rider must be licensed and this applies to motorized skateboards and up). All motorcycle licensing is by taking a MSF riders course and passing the written test. The feds say anything with 3 wheels or less is a motorcycle and Nevada agrees. Smog certification is yearly in Las Vegas/ Henderson and Reno/Sparks but most of the rest of the state is not required to follow suit. Up until 1974, when the gas rationing happened, we had a basic speed law on out highways. Outside of the cities (few and far between) it was as fast as it was safe as deemed by the highway patrol. Cruising the interstates was a 90mph plus regular deal, with some finding out just how fast their car really was. Dave A.
Pennsylvania: Motorcycle - A motor vehicle having a seat or saddle for the use of the rider and designed to travel on not more than 3 wheels in contact with the ground. Anna
Oklahoma: RE:
"You
can't just insure the donor bike or car that it may be based on. If you
try that it will be illegal and uninsured."
I've heard that's not entirely true. A lot of it will depend on your locale and
how much of the donor cycle you plan to keep. For instance, a RT like Mr.
Musser's Sportcycle or Mr. Durette's Indycycle leave the original bike more or
less intact and simply add a bit of structure to the front. Therefore some areas
may consider them merely "additions" to the bike making no more legal
difference then a sidecar would.
I'm in Oklahoma and have been researching the legality of building and driving a
Musser Sportcycle. The Oklahoma Vehicle Code considers the Sportcycle I plan to
build to still be a Motorcycle. The only clear concessions it appears I will
have to make are to add Fenders over both front wheels. ARA
Here's the OK Vehicle Codes in question for reference:
Title 47. Motor Vehicles, Chapter 1- Definitions of Words and Phrases, Section 1-135 - Motorcycle
A motorcycle is any motor vehicle having:
1. A seat or saddle for the use of each rider;
2. Not more than three wheels in contact with the ground, but excluding a tractor; and
3. A combustion engine with a piston or rotor displacement of greater than one hundred fifty cubic centimeters (150 cu cm)"
Title 47. Motor Vehicles, Chapter 12 - Equipment of Vehicles, Article Article 6 - Motorcycles, Section 12-609 - Required Equipment
A. In addition to other requirements prescribed by this chapter, by federal law or by local ordinance, all motorcycles, except when
operated on actual trail rides conducted outside of public roads and
highways, shall be equipped with:
1. Two rearview mirrors, containing a reflection surface of not less
than three (3) inches in diameter, mounted one on each side of the motorcycle and positioned so as to enable the operator to clearly view
the roadway to the rear of the vehicle;
2. A windshield of sufficient quality, size and thickness to protect the operator from foreign objects, except that in lieu of such
windshield, the operator shall wear goggles or other protective
eyewear which meets American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
Standard Z87.1 and provides positive retention, or a face shield of material and design to protect the operator from foreign objects;
3. A properly operating speedometer capable of registering at least the maximum legal speed limit for that motorcycle;
4. A fender over each wheel. All fenders shall be of the type provided
by the manufacturer;
5. A horn which shall comply with the requirements of Section 12-401 of this title; and
6. A muffler or other effective noise-suppressing system which shall
comply with the requirements of Section 12-402 of this title.
B. No person under eighteen (18) years of age shall operate or ride upon any motorcycle unless such person is properly wearing a crash
helmet of a type which complies with standards established by 49 C.F.R., Section 571.218.
C. Handlebars on motorcycles shall not be higher than eye level of the
operator."
Source:
http://www.oscn.net/applications/oscn/DeliverDocument.asp?CiteID=81927
http://www.oscn.net/applications/oscn/DeliverDocument.asp?CiteID=437656
Oregon: RT's are registered as an "enclosed motorcycle". The requirements for registration are the same as for a standard motorcycle. The big difference is that they do not require the motorcycle endorsement on the drivers license and they waive the helmet requirement. David G.
Tennessee: A motorcycle is anything over 125cc, 2 or 3 wheels. A motor-driven cycle is anything under 125cc but has the same
restrictions and requirements as a motorcycle. This is mainly for 14-16 year olds.
A motorized bicycle does not have to be registered, no title and no drivers certificate needed.
Requirements of the operation rules/laws.....
Headlight on at all times.
DOT approved Crash helmet
Safety windshield or goggles.
One rearview mirror located on the left side attached to the handle
bars in an upright position. Footrests are required.
Muffler, no straight pipes.
Tail-light with stop light viewable from 100feet.
Handle bar top no more than 15" above seat, no ape hangers.
Todd
A: On page 6 it states: "You must ride astride your motorcycle, facing forward with one leg on each side of the motorcycle."
and Second: "No motorcycle or motor-driven cycle shall be operated on a public road with handlebars more than 15 inches higher than the driver's seat. The handlebars commonly called "ape hangers" are illegal."
Also: "All motorcycles or motor-criven cycles must be quipped with a rearview mirror, mounted on the left handlebar in an upright position. They must also be equipped with footrests for the driver and passenger." Sounds like your Tenn DMV rules are similar to those of Texas....basically...a Lo-T3K, a Vortex, a TriMagnum, a Doran or a 3wheeled Morgan, cannot be registered as a motorcycle. BUT, it *can* be registered as a "custom-built vehicle". Tony B.
Texas: "Motorcycle" means a motor vehicle, other than a tractor, that is equipped with a rider's saddle and designed to have when propelled
not more than three wheels on the ground. But when I dig a bit deeper into the issue, I find this:
"Motorcycle" means a motor vehicle designed to propel itself with not more than three wheels in contact with the ground, and having a
saddle for the use of the rider. The term does not include a tractor or a three-wheeled vehicle equipped with a cab, seat, and seat belt
and designed to contain the operator in the cab.
So by this definition, the Tri-Magnum seems to not fit the definition of a motorcycle because it has a "cab" and a "seat".
I've contacted our department of public safety and spoke with a couple of people and they couldn't give me a clear path to license
and registration of this vehicle. I've seen a few of these here in Waco, so I know they can be licensed for Texas roads, but finding
the proper definition, and therefore the requirements, is proving to be difficult.
Jason J.
Virginia:
In the Motor Vehicle Code for the State of VA. A motorcycle is defined as:
"Motorcycle" means every motor vehicle designed to travel on not more than three wheels in contact with the ground and is capable of traveling
at speeds in excess of 35 miles per hour. The term "motorcycle" does not include any "electric personal assistive mobility device," "electric
power-assisted bicycle," "farm tractor," "golf cart," "moped," "motorized skateboard or scooter," "utility vehicle" or "wheelchair or
wheelchair conveyance" as defined in this section. VA. Motor Vehicle Code Legislation Section 46.2-100.
Andrea M.
Although a 3 wheeler is fundamentally considered a motorcycle, they further define 'motorcycle' as a vehicle which the rider/driver straddles the engine and running parts and sits on a saddle.
Bench seat type vehicles are considered automobiles, regardless of number of wheels....
Thus, conventional motorcycle conversions to 'trikes' are still motorcycles, but the 'Morgan' type of approach is a car, so not too much benefit in the 'reverse-trike' configuration, except for the fun of it.
You'd have to start with a donor vehicle which preceded the smog and crash testing aspects and build from there.
Creativity is NOT encouraged in motor vehicles!
Dave G.
West Virginia: A 3-wheeler is registered as a Trike. Here, motorcycles have only 2 wheels and trikes have 3. The only restriction that I have found is that the center of the front headlight needs to be a minimum of 24" from the ground. Dan L.
Wisconsin: Rules related to Supplementary reflective surfaces or reflectors:
From - http://www.legis.state.wi.us/Statutes/Stat0347.pdf
347.27 When lighted lamps required on parked vehicles.
(1) No person shall park or leave a vehicle standing,
whether attended or unattended, upon a roadway or the shoulder immediately adjacent thereto during hours of darkness unless:
(a) Such vehicle is parked or standing where there is sufficient artificial light to render it visible from a distance of 500 feet or
is lawfully parked within the corporate limits of a city or village and in either case is equipped with at least one red reflector mounted
on the rear thereof as near as practicable to the side of the vehicle which is closest to passing traffic and otherwise meeting the
mounting and
-----------------------------------
347.18 Mounting of clearance lamps and reflectors.
(1) Whenever s. 347.16 requires any reflector to be displayed
upon a vehicle, each such reflector shall be mounted at a height not less than 16 inches nor more than 60 inches above the ground on
which the vehicle stands. On vehicles which are more than 80 inches wide, the front and rear reflectors shall be mounted so as
to indicate as nearly as possible the extreme width of the vehicle.
Any required red reflector on the rear of a vehicle may be incorporated with the tail lamp but such reflector shall meet all the
other reflector requirements of this chapter.
347.19 Visibility of clearance lamps and reflectors.
(1) Every reflector required by s. 347.16 to be displayed upon a vehicle shall be of such size and characteristics and so maintained as to be readily visible during the hours of darkness from all distances within 500 feet to 50 feet from the vehicle when directly in front of lawful upper beams of headlamps.
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General Thoughts:
1. Do your homework. Understand ALL the vehicle rules in your state. Often they are ambiguous or contradictory when it comes to projects like these that fit between the margins. If an inspector sites a specific rule to disallow your vehicle, decide if it is easily fixable, like adding mirrors, and just do it. If it is not easily changed, and you know a countering statute, try showing it to the inspector, in writing, and ASKING their opinion. Do not take a contrary tone! These people eat abuse for breakfast, and you need them, so be nice.
If they won't back down, and you think you have a
case, you can appeal for a hearing to get the ruling overturned. If you have a countering statute that you can site, you have a fighting
chance. Document your compliance with the counter rule with pictures and measurements. Just state the facts, not your opinion. If you
can't site a specific countering rule, you have no argument so don't waste your time. Also, know what works in your favor. You may not be
able to get a 3 wheeler with enclosed cab registered as a motorcycle, but may be able to get it registered as a car. This
might actually make it easier to insure, so know what works to your favor and when to fight your battles.
2. Understand what the inspector is looking for. The people who do these inspections and provide your insurance DO NOT share your
enthusiasm for unusual homebuilt vehicles. They look at these projects as a big PITA, so make it easy for them to pass you. If the rules state a motorcycle must have a single headlight, center
mounted, and running lights on all the time, build it that way. Don't fight a guaranteed losing battle. If there are specific points
in the statutes about an enclosed cab, built it as a convertible, and leave the doors at home. The Canadian T-Rex is open for a
reason, Canada requires motorcycles to be open. You can add a side curtain or windshield after the inspection. A patrolman isn't as
likely to sweat the details after you have a valid registration.
3. Educate them on what you're building. Find out who does the inspections, usually it is just 1 or 2 guys who do it part-time.
Then, a couple of months before your ready, go down and talk to them on their least busy day of the week. Find out what they are looking for, and show them what your building, plans, pictures, whatever you
can. If you can find pictures of completed projects "just like yours", with tags from your state, do it. These guys are not pioneers, they like to see a precedence. They will also be more
excited to see you later if it is not a big surprise.
Feel them out for the stuff they care about and what they will let slide. They won't be impressed with your 5 point race harnesses if
the headlights are mounted too low or you're missing turn signals. Ask their advise! This greases the wheels, and gets them involved,
so they feel like your working with them, not against them.
4. Make it easy for inspectors to see the vehicle the way you want them to. By statute, it cannot be both a car and a motorcycle. If
you want it qualified as a motorcycle, and you can keep the frame members with the donor VIN number intact and part of the build, do it. Anything to keep their life simple and boring is better. In both
your verbal and written communications, always refer to the vehicle as what you want it to be, so always call it a motorcycle,
not "hybrid", "blended", or even the neutral term "vehicle", always motorcycle.
File motorcycle registration forms, check the motorcycle boxes on the forms. Show them your receipts with Yamaha, Kawasaki, or Honda parts first, even if it is just clutch cables and battery. Leave motorcycle labels and logos visible under the hood, remove car manufacturer logos off any parts you can. Add a "Honda Powered" sticker under the hood. Carry a helmet and wear leathers if you think it would help.
This goes for the insurance guys too, a registered motorcycle VIN goes a long ways toward getting the
insurance underwriter to see it as just another trike. They may not like them, but at least they are familiar.
I had to do this with my Pinzgauer to get it registered and insured. I never referred to it as a "military troop carrier", too many hot
words there. Mental images of a Deuce-and-a-Half or a Bradley with guns sticking out all over. It was always a "European Jeep" and had
similar dimensions to a "Jeep Cherokee". They could easily get their heads around that because it NOT so unusual. I also found other Pinz
owners in my state, and even one that was an insurance agent for a rival company, so all that helped. Even so, I could not get them to
do collision insurance, because they couldn't establish the replacement cost. This, even though I got a letter from an importer
clearly stating a replacement value. Just too little data for a professional statistician to swallow.
5. Make sure you have receipts for EVERYTHING, they require it and they mean it.
6. Lastly, try to find someone in your state that has done something similar, and follow their example.
Darren F.
Insurance Purchase
Fisher Specialty Insurance out of Scottsdale, Arizona USA, are able to write liability trike insurance in every state and will accept any and all trikes, custom bikes and even off-road vehicles. Tom
Call Marc @ 1.877.537.2555 marc@bikersins.com
Custom Trikes: Fischer Specialty represents A rated carriers that have the most comprehensive and complete insurance products to accurately and easily cover most trikes. Triking an existing motorcycle can often double the value and increase the safety of your cycle. We work with carriers to identify these factors when pricing our insurance to make sure we are catering to one of the safest, and fast growing cycle communities in the world. We know Trikes!
Off Road: At Fischer, we specialize in offering the kind of off-road vehicle coverage that gives you real peace of mind. And the new Fischer off-road vehicle program has been developed to help you enjoy every trip off the beaten path. A specialized off-road insurance policy means that you're covered whether you're out enjoying the trail on your dirt bike, climbing dunes in your dune buggy, off-roading on your ATV or taking a leisurely spin in your golf cart. We can help you protect your investment with important standard and optional off-road vehicle coverages.
Custom Motorcycle: Trying to insure your newly constructed motorcycle can be a challenging and frustrating process. Most major carriers do not want the risk and some agents simply won't write it due to lack of knowledge. If you are having trouble finding reasonable insurance for your custom motorcycle then give Fischer Specialty a call. Typical quoting time for a custom bike is 3-4 minutes and we offer same day binding authority.
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Hagerty Insurance specializes in collector car insurance, specialty car etc. Typically, there is no restriction on driving their streetrods long distances, or to work on a daily basis. However, keep in mind, that for street rods and collector cars. Their website is hagerty.com and their phone number is 1.800.922.4050. Brad H.
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There is an insurance company called Markel American Insurance -
markelinsuresfun.com who on multiple occasions talking with different agents have told me "If you can get a VIN, we can usually insure it." Aaron D.
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Here are a few more ideas on insurance:
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This is what Grundy states:
grundy.com
Daily Drivers:
Agreed Value policies are available for your Daily Drivers with Grundy and AIG's Motor Vehicle Program.
Yes, that's right: you predetermine the value of your vehicle. In the event of a total loss, that amount is
paid, with no deductible in most states.
Everything Else on Wheels:
So long as your motor vehicle is licensed for road use, Grundy will consider insuring anything with a motor and wheels through AIG Private Client Group.
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I was researching insurance for the XR3 using the various leads and this is how I went about it:
1. I called and spoke to a human. No internet quotes.
A few exceptions noted items g. and k. below.
2. I always decribed the XR3 as an assembled-from-parts reverse trike that is classified as a motorcycle in Florida, and in most
cases got the person to look at the XR3 website while we were talking (my attempt at full, honest disclosure)
3. I specifically requested NO RESTRICTIONS on usage, (such as the typical "custom/classic car" policies which only cover your driving
to car-show-type events etc). As I previously mentioned, 125+ mpg doesn't do me much good if I can only drive to car shows...
OK, here's the results (We'll start with the biggies)
A. STATE FARM - No (see other posts).
B. GEICO - "does not insure custom-built motorcycles at this time,
but may in the future".
C. ALLSTATE - "does not insure custom-built vehicles".
D. PROGRESSIVE - here is a ray of sunshine.
They will insure an assembled-from parts trike (motorcycle) under their designation
'modified-or-kit-assembled-state-assigned-VIN", BUT ONLY LIABILITY and UNINSURED MOTORIST (UM) coverage.
Even gave me some quotes which ranged from $185/year (100K/300K liab only) to $1894/year
(ouch) for 100K/300K lib + Unins Motorist (Wow --- big hit for UM coverage but downright cheap for just
liability) (these numbers based on my squeaky-clean driving record). REMEMBER NO COLLISION OR
COMPREHENSIVE Offered - this is because they have no way to place a value on damage or total loss of an XR3.
E. HAGERTY - "will not insure the XR3".
F. BERGLUND INSURANCE/FISCHER SPECIALTY INSURANCE - per Mark
Fischer "their underwriters consider it a car, and they only insure motorcycles.
G. POLICYSURE.COM - This is the one that RQR mentioned. I did not
call them, but their website clearly says United Kingdom only. (I dont live in England).
H. FOREMOST INSURANCE GROUP - "do not insure any reverse trikes,
with the exception of the Can-Am Spyder"
I. GRUNDY WORLDWIDE COLLECTOR CAR INS - "do not insure custom
motorcycles, unless its part of a collection, also do not insure daily-use vehicles".
J. AMERICAN COLLECTORS INS - "since it is a homebuilt vehicle, they
will insure it, but only as a collector vehicle (restricted usage).
K. CONDON & SKELLY - Did not call but website clearly states "only
insure motorcycles years 1949 - 1975, and do not offer insurance for daily-use vehicles".
L. BROSCLUB CYCLE SERVICES - Said they would insure it, and sent me
an application for custom trike via email. Brosclub requires: fenders on all wheels, rear brake light, front/rear turn signals,
engine smaller than V-8, max capacity less than 4 people, all moving eng parts/belts enclosed/guarded, and trike portion must be
permanently attached. The XR3 can pass all these. The application asks appropriate (in my opinion) questions on how the trike is
constructed and value of major components. Looks very promising, but no guarantees they will insure it until you submit application
with photos, copies of title, registration, etc. Also no idea on cost.
M. INSURANCELAND (Sanford/Orlando) - "do not insure custom
motorcycles".
N. I also visited 2 local independent agents (ALLEGIENCE INS and
GREAT FLORIDA INS) Both were sympathetic, but couldn't help.
O. Honorable mention - the fellow at TWFG INSURANCE SERVICES
(Houston) was very knowledgeable and helpful, and insisted Progressive would insure at least liability, even though Progressive
at first told me they wouldn't. He was right - my second call to Progressive turned up item
(D) above.
Thats it. Progressive and Brosclub look promising. I will continue checking into any new promising leads, but future posters may want
to look at my list to minimize re-suggesting the above rejector's. You can google any of the above insurers to get phone numbers if
you'd like to research further. BTW, not a single insurer I spoke to was aware of the XR3, but when
they saw it on the website, most were impressed by its style and capabilities.....perhaps with time + more pestering from us we could
get better response. Paul K.
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Outside the USA
Canada: I am hearing a rumor that the Canadian federal government has stopped the registration of the T-Rex in all the provinces and that several US states want to follow suit.
A: The Canadians introduced new regulations on three-wheelers that came into force in 2003.
Any chance this is what your 'rumours' were about?
canadagazette.gc.ca
They split the regulations for two different vehicles motor tricycles (TRI) and three-wheelers vehicles (TWV) - the TWV seem to be distinguished from TRI by the TRI having motorcycle-type controls and the TWV having car-type controls.
They do note that TRI were initially going to be 1F2R only (ie, motorcycle-based trikes) but "ollowing comments from industry, the Department broadened the criteria to include vehicles designed with either two wheels at the front or two wheels at the rear" - so that shows Bombardier were thinking about their new Spyder some years ago!
Just above that link is a new section 505 of the CMVSS showing the stability test that all
three - wheelers (TRI or TWV) have to pass, which it says is based on Australian standards.
This seems a very sensible requirement that the centre of gravity height may be no more than 1.5 times the distance to the nearest 'roll axis' (ie, line between wheel centres), so that's roughly a 0.67g lateral acceleration without tipping over.
Sadly they have also include an existing regulation from Quebec that the front wheel or wheels (of any layout) must carry between 25% and 70% of the vehicle weight, so for example a Trihawk would fail with 72% (though that may be unladen and the test appears to be laden).
Rumor has it that this comes from EU complaints about the instability of tadpoles
(2f1r) trikes with rear wheel drive and side-by-side seating.
I have not seen anything about this, but it might be a misunderstanding of the not-very-recent EU regs on quadricycles.
As I understand it this class was introduced in order to allow four wheels to be used where three wheels had been used before.
As long as it's under 15kW (20hp) and 400kg (880lb), it only has to pass the same standards as the tricycle and not the standards for a car.
I believe the stability improvement from using four wheels was used as part of the argument to create the quadricycle class, though I suspect the real reason for wanting four wheels was market
acceptance. Andrew G.
UK: I insure with KGM at Lloyd's through Roadsure. roadsure.ltd.uk. About £150 fully comp for CX500 version RT. Colin
A: I insure through Adrian Flux. It costs me £131.25 per annum, and has done for several years now with no increase. 3000 mile maximum. Agreed value £3000-00. A mileage declaration and all 6 all round condition photos needed each renewal. Insurance placed with NIG Skandia. I don't think there is any 'no claim' bonus attached to this type of policy. John
Helpful Links
50 States License and Registration Links - From ECO Motor Company
DMV.ORG - The unofficial guide to the DMV. This Web site was created to provide easy-to-access information and resources for all your Department of Motor Vehicles needs. Because government DMV sites can sometimes be confusing to use, we have developed this free and comprehensive guide for the average person to understand.
Our DMV Guide provides you with all the information you could possibly need from the Department of Motor Vehicles office―and much more. All the details on driver’s licenses, driving records and ID cards, as well as vehicle registrations, title transfers, bills of sale and smog checks, are all available right here. DMV.ORG also offers information you wouldn't think of getting from the Department of Motor Vehicles. You’ll find great rates on auto insurance, ways to order a vehicle history report, and links to buying and selling cars―used and new. Got a traffic ticket? DMV.ORG also teaches you about online traffic schools, as well as driver's ed courses for new drivers. You can also rely on DMV.ORG for information on Lemon Laws and important updates on safety recalls. We bring you the most up-to-date information and services as they become available.
tc.gc.ca/roadsafety/importation/menu.htm - Importing a Vehicle into Canada, The Government of Canada's Rules.
nhtsa.dot.gov/cars/rules/import - USA Vehicle Importation Regulations
autopedia.com/Export/ImportExportRegs.html - Import/Export Requirements (all countries)
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